Urologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urinary system in men and women and disorders of the male reproductive system.

Urologists can prescribe medications, perform surgery, and treat urination problems, such as difficulty holding urine (incontinence) and tumors or stones in the urinary system. They treat problems of the male reproductive system such as impotence (erectile dysfunction). Urogynecologists specialize in treating urinary problems involving the female reproductive system, and pediatric urologists specialize in diagnosing and treating urinary problems in children.

Urologists can be board-certified through the American Board of Urology, which is recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties.