Cause

The cause of chronic kidney disease is not always known. But any condition or disease that damages blood vessels or other structures in the kidneys can lead to kidney disease. The most common causes of chronic kidney disease are:

• Diabetes. Diabetes causes about 35% of all chronic kidney disease. High blood sugar levels caused by diabetes damage blood vessels in the kidneys. If the blood sugar level remains high, this damage gradually reduces the function of the kidneys.
• High blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure causes another 30% of all kidney disease. Because blood pressure often rises with chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure may further damage kidney function even when another medical condition initially caused the disease.

Other conditions that can damage the kidneys and cause chronic kidney disease include:

• Kidney diseases and infections, such as polycystic kidney disease, pyelonephritis, and glomerulonephritis, or a kidney problem you were born with.
• Having a narrowed or blocked renal artery. The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys.
• Having an enlarged prostate gland, kidney stones, or a tumor that keeps urine from flowing out of the kidneys.
• Lead poisoning.
• Long-term use of medicines that can damage the kidneys. Examples include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil), celecoxib (Celebrex), and certain antibiotics.
• Studies have shown frequent use of aspirin and acetaminophen (Tylenol) may also harm your kidneys.¹ Be sure your doctor knows about all prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, and herbs that you are taking.

Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of chronic kidney disease that leads to kidney failure. Diabetes or high blood pressure may also speed up the progression of chronic kidney disease in someone who already has the disease.