Examples
Oral allylamines
| Brand Name | Chemical Name |
| Lamisil | terbinafine hydrochloride |
| Sporanox | itraconazole |
| Diflucan | fluconazole |
| Nizoral | ketoconazole |
| Fulvicin, Grifulvin, Gris-PEG | griseofulvin |
Oral azoles
| Brand Name | Chemical Name |
| Lamisil | terbinafine hydrochloride |
| Sporanox | itraconazole |
| Diflucan | fluconazole |
| Nizoral | ketoconazole |
| Fulvicin, Grifulvin, Gris-PEG | griseofulvin |
Allylamines and azoles are classes of antifungal medicine. This is important because there may be differences in how effective the classes are.
How It Works
Prescription oral antifungal medicines slow the growth of or kill fungi.
Oral medicines are usually taken for 1 to 8 weeks. The exact amount of time varies and depends on how much medicine you take per day.
If you stop taking the medicine early, even after your symptoms are gone, an athlete's foot infection will likely return. It is very important to take the entire course of medicine.
Why It Is Used
Oral antifungals for athlete's foot (tinea pedis) are usually only used for a severe infection or when topical antifungal medicines have not cured the infection. Some oral antifungals can also be used for fungal toenail infections, which may occur with athlete's foot.
How Well It Works
Research shows that oral antifungals successfully cure athlete's foot for many people.1 Terbinafine and itraconazole have both shown to be more effective than a placebo for curing athlete's foot.2 Griseofulvin has shown to be less effective in curing athlete's foot than terbinafine and possibly other oral antifungal medicines.2
Side Effects
Oral medicines can cause minor to serious side effects. Minor side effects may include:
- Stomach upset.
- Headaches.
- Skin rashes.
- Changes in taste sensation (rare).
- Visual disturbances (rare).
Oral antifungals carry a small but serious risk for dangerous side effects, which can include:
- Liver damage. 3 During oral antifungal treatment, your health professional may require blood tests to check your kidney and liver function. Be aware of the symptoms of liver problems, such as nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain; dark urine; and changes in skin color.
- Heart failure. In the early stages of heart failure, many people do not notice symptoms. If you have heart problems or are concerned about this rare side effect, talk to your doctor about taking a medicine with a lower risk for this problem.
Oral antifungal medicines pass into breast milk. If you are pregnant, could become pregnant, or are breast-feeding, consult your health professional.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
What To Think About
Tell your health professional about other medicines you are taking. Some medicines are not safe to take together with oral antifungals.
Do not drink alcohol while taking oral antifungals. Some forms of these medicines can cause or contribute to liver problems, which alcohol can make worse. During oral antifungal treatment, you may need to have blood tests to check your liver and kidney function.
If you use an antacid, wait at least 2 hours before taking ketoconazole. Antacids reduce ketoconazole absorption from the stomach into the bloodstream.
Oral antifungals cost more than nonprescription antifungal skin medicine.
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References
Citations
Gupta AK, et al. (2003). Treatments of tinea pedia. Dermatologic Clinics, 21: 431–462.
Bell-Syer SEM, et al. (2005). Oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the foot. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2). Oxford: Update Software.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2001). FDA issues health advisory regarding the safety of Sporanox products and Lamisil tablets to treat fungal nail infections. FDA Talk Paper T01-22. Available online: http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/answers/2001/ans01083.html.
Credits
| Author | Amy Fackler, MA |
| Author | Debby Golonka, MPH |
| Editor | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA |
| Associate Editor | Pat Truman |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Patrice Burgess, MD - Family Medicine |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | Randall D. Burr, MD - Dermatology |
| Last Updated | July 19, 2006 |
Debby Golonka, MPH
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