How It Works
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can balance certain brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. When these brain chemicals are in proper balance, symptoms of depression may be relieved.
Why It Is Used
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used to treat depression and may help relieve pain after a stroke.
How Well It Works
SSRIs are as effective in treating depression as other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants and MAOIs(monoamine oxidase inhibitors), but they have different and often less severe side effects. Some studies show that these medicines also help relieve chronic pain, such as pain resulting from a stroke.
Side Effects
Side effects of SSRIs include:
- Nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea.
- Anxiety or irritability.
- Problems sleeping or drowsiness.
- Loss of sexual desire or ability.
- Headaches or dizziness.
FDA Advisories. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued:
- An advisory on antidepressant medicines and the risk of suicide. The FDA does not recommend that people stop using these medicines. Instead, a person taking antidepressants should be watched for warning signs of suicide. This is especially important at the beginning of treatment or when doses are changed.
- A warning about the antidepressants Paxil and Paxil CR and birth defects. Taking these medicines in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy may increase your chance of having a baby with a birth defect.
- A warning about taking triptans, used for headaches, with SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) or SNRIs (selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors). Taking these medicines together can cause a very rare but serious condition called serotonin syndrome.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
What To Think About
You may start to feel better within 1 to 3 weeks of taking an SSRI. But it can take as many as 6 to 8 weeks to see more improvement. If you have questions or concerns about your medicines, or if you do not notice any improvement by 3 weeks, talk to your doctor.
SSRIs can be safer than tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants because they do not cause death if taken in large quantities (overdose). SSRIs usually are well-tolerated and effective. SSRIs also may be safer for older adults because the side effects are more tolerable.1
Sexual dysfunction can be a significant problem for some people while taking an SSRI. Other antidepressants such as bupropion (Wellbutrin, for example) may be less likely to cause significant sexual dysfunction as a side effect and may be used instead of, or in addition to, an SSRI.
Sexual problems in men resulting from use of SSRIs may also be relieved by use of an erectile dysfunction medicine such as sildenafil (Viagra).2
Never suddenly stop taking antidepressants. The use of any antidepressant should be tapered off slowly and only under the supervision of a health professional. Abruptly stopping antidepressant medicines can cause negative side effects or a relapse into another depressive episode.
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Credits
| Author | Monica Rhodes |
| Editor | Kathleen M. Ariss, MS |
| Associate Editor | Michele Cronen |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | Richard D. Zorowitz, MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation |
| Last Updated | July 6, 2007 |
