Blisters are fluid-filled bumps that look like bubbles on the skin. You may develop a blister on your foot when you wear new shoes that rub against your skin or on your hand when you work in the garden without wearing gloves. Home treatment is often all that is needed for this type of blister.

Other types of injuries to the skin that may cause a blister include:

• Burns from exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation from the sun, or friction.
• Cold injuries from being exposed to cold or freezing temperatures.
• Some spider bites, such as a bite from a brown recluse spider. Symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite include reddened skin followed by a blister that forms at the bite site, pain and itching, and an open sore with a breakdown of tissue (necrosis) that develops within a few hours to 3 to 4 days following the bite. This sore may take months to heal.

Infection can cause either a single blister or clusters of blisters.

• Chickenpox (varicella) is a common contagious illness that is caused by a type of herpes virus. Chickenpox blisters begin as red bumps that turn into blisters and then scab over. It is most contagious from 2 to 3 days before a rash develops until all the blisters have crusted over.
• Shingles, often seen in older adults, is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. Shingles blisters look like chickenpox, but they usually develop in a band on one side of the body.
• Cold sores, sometimes called fever blisters, are clusters of small blisters on the lip and outer edge of the mouth. They are caused by the herpes simplex virus. Cold sore-type blisters that develop in the genital area may be caused by a genital herpes infection.
• Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection. Its blisters, which often occur on the face, burst and become crusty (honey-colored crusts).
• Infected hair follicles (folliculitis) cause red, tender areas that turn into blisters at or near the base of strands of hair.
• A scabies infection, which occurs when mites burrow into the skin, may cause tiny, itchy blisters that often occur in a thin line or curved track.
• Bedbugs, which can cause tiny, itchy blisters anywhere on the body.

Inflammation may cause skin blisters.

• Contact dermatitis occurs when skin touches something in the environment that causes an allergic reaction. Contact with certain plants, such as poison ivy, oak, and sumac, may occur indirectly.
• Blisters may develop from a disease that causes your body to attack your own skin (autoimmune disease).

Occasionally a prescription or nonprescription medicine or ointment can cause blisters. The blisters may be small or large and usually occur with reddened, itchy skin. If the blisters are not severe and you do not have other symptoms, stopping the use of the medicine or ointment may be all that is needed. Blisters that occur with other signs of illness, such as a fever or chills, may indicate a more serious problem.

Review the Emergencies and Check Your Symptoms sections to determine if and when you need to see a health professional.

Check Your Symptoms

If you answer yes to any of the following questions, click on the "Yes" in front of the question for information about how soon to see a health professional.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

If you have the following symptoms, evaluate those symptoms first.

• A burn or a sunburn: Go to the topic Burns or Sunburn.
• Blisters that began after you were exposed to cold temperatures: Go to the topic Cold Temperature Exposure.
• A known or suspected insect bite or sting, spider bite, or tick bite: Go to the topic Insect Bites and Stings and Spider Bites or Tick Bites.
• Blisters in or around your mouth: Go to the topic Mouth Problems, Noninjury or Toothache and Gum Problems.
• Blisters on or around your genitals and you are sexually active: Go to the topic Exposure to Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

Yes

Do you have one or more unexplained blisters and other signs of illness?

See significance of blisters and signs of illness if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you have shaking chills?

Yes

Do you know or think you have a fever?

Yes

Do you have a moderate to severe headache?

Yes

Do you have belly pain?

Yes

Do you have vomiting?

Yes

Do you have diarrhea?

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you feel ill?

Yes

Do you have aching muscles or joints?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Do you think you have a skin infection?

See significance of a skin infection if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you have diabetes?

Yes

Do you have peripheral arterial disease?

Yes

Do you have a disease or take a medicine that causes problems with your immune system?

Yes

Do you have red streaks extending away from the blister?

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you have increased swelling, redness, or warmth around a blister?

Yes

Do you have pus draining from a blister?

Yes

Do you know or think you have a fever?

Yes

Do you have a crusty blister that is draining honey-colored fluid?

You may wait to see if the symptoms improve over the next 24 hours (or specified time period) if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Have you had mild pain and swelling with redness less than 1 in. (2.5 cm) around the blister for 24 hours or longer?

Yes

Have you had swollen lymph nodes near a blister for 24 hours or longer?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Do you have one or more painful blisters?

See significance of painful blisters if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional immediately if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Do you have severely painful blisters in a band on one side of your body or face?

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Do you have moderately painful blisters in a band on one side of your body or face?

You may wait to see if the symptoms improve over the next 24 hours (or specified time period) if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Have you had mild pain from one or more blisters for 24 hours or longer?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Do you think that your blisters are caused by a medicine?

See significance of a medicine causing blisters if you need information to help you answer the question below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Do you think your blisters are caused by a medicine?

Note:

If your answer is Yes: Call the health professional who prescribed the medicine the same day to determine whether you should stop taking the medicine or take a different one. An appointment may not be needed. If you are taking a medicine that was not prescribed by a health professional, stop taking it. Call your health professional if you feel you need to keep taking the medicine or if you need help to control your symptoms after you stop taking the medicine.

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Do you have itchy blisters?

See significance of itchy blisters if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Do you have severe itching that keeps you from doing usual activities or sleep after 12 hours of home treatment?

Yes

Do you have new patches of itchy, oozing blisters?

You may wait to see if the symptoms improve over the next 24 hours (or specified time period) if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Do you have moderate itching that has interfered with your usual activities or sleep after 48 hours of home treatment?

You need an appointment within the next 1 to 2 weeks if you answer "Yes" to the following question.

Yes

Do you have recurrent patches of itchy blisters?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

Yes

Do you have a broken blister that is dirty and you need a tetanus shot?

See significance of getting a tetanus shot if you need information to help you answer the questions below.

Review health risks that may increase the seriousness of your symptoms.

Note:

If you need a tetanus shot, call your doctor to arrange for a shot. Your need for a tetanus shot depends on the seriousness of your wound and your tetanus shot history. Your doctor may be able to tell you over the telephone if you need a tetanus shot.

Call your health professional today if you answer "Yes" to any of the following questions.

Yes

Are you worried that the blister area is dirty or has germs on it and your last tetanus shot was longer than 5 years ago?

Note:

Something is dirty if it has dirt, soil, spit, or feces on it.

Yes

Are you not sure when you had your last tetanus shot?

Yes

Did you not get the first series of tetanus shots?

If you have answered "No" to the above questions, go back to Check Your Symptoms and continue to answer the questions to evaluate your symptoms.

If a visit to a health professional is not needed immediately, see the Home Treatment section for self-care information.

Home Treatment

A small, unbroken blister [less than 1 in. (2.5 cm) across] will usually heal on its own.

• Do not try to break the blister. Just leave it alone.
• Leave the blister uncovered unless something rubs against it. If you do cover it:
  • Apply a loose bandage. Secure the bandage so the tape does not touch the blister. Do not wrap tape completely around a hand, arm, foot, or leg because it could cut off the blood supply if the limb swells. If the tape is too tight, you may develop symptoms below the level of the tape, such as numbness, tingling, pain, or cool and pale or swollen skin.
  • If the blister is in an area where pressure is applied, such as on the bottom of your foot, protect it with a doughnut-shaped moleskin pad. Leave the area over the blister open.
• Do not wear the shoes or do the activity that caused a friction blister until the blister heals.

Home treatment may help decrease pain, prevent infection, and help heal large or broken blisters.

• Wash your hands with soap and water before touching blisters. Blisters can easily become infected.
• Most large blisters will break on their own and then heal. If you have a large blister, you may want to drain it depending on where it is. Clean a needle with rubbing alcohol or soap and water, then use it to gently puncture the edge of the blister. Press the fluid in the blister toward the hole you made. Wash the blister after you have drained it, and pat it dry with clean gauze.
• Do not remove the flap of skin covering the blister unless it tears or gets dirty or pus forms under it. If the blister has just a small puncture or break, leave the flap of skin on and gently smooth it flat over the tender skin underneath.
• Apply an antibiotic ointment, such as polymixin B or bacitracin, if you are not allergic to it. The ointment will prevent the bandage from sticking to the blister and may help prevent infection. Do not use alcohol or iodine on the blister because these may delay healing. Do not use an ointment if you know you are allergic to it.
• Loosely apply a bandage or gauze. Secure the bandage so the tape does not touch the blister. Do not wrap tape completely around a hand, arm, foot, or leg because it could cut off the blood supply if the limb swells. If the tape is too tight, you may develop numbness, tingling, pain, or cool and pale or swollen skin below the level of the tape.
• If the skin under the bandage begins to itch or develops a rash, stop using the antibiotic ointment.
• Change the bandage every day and any time it gets wet or dirty. You can soak the bandage in cool water just before removing it to make it less painful to take off.
• Avoid wearing the shoes or doing the activity that caused the blister until the blister heals.

Watch for a skin infection while your blister is healing. Signs of infection include:

• Increased pain, swelling, redness, or warmth around the blister.
• Red streaks extending away from the blister.
• Drainage of pus from the blister.
• Swollen lymph nodes in your neck, armpit, or groin.
• Fever.

Home remedies may relieve itching from blisters. One way to help decrease itching is to keep the itchy area cool and wet. Apply a washcloth that has been soaked in ice water, or get in a cool tub or shower.

Symptoms to Watch For During Home Treatment

Use the Check Your Symptoms section to evaluate your symptoms if any of the following occur during home treatment:

• A skin infection develops.
• A crusty blister that drains honey-colored fluid develops.
• Signs of illness develop, such as shaking chills, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea, muscle or joint aches, headache, or a vague sense of illness.
• Symptoms do not improve or become more severe or frequent.

Prevention

Some of the most common types of blisters can be prevented.

• To prevent blisters caused by rubbing (friction blisters).
  • Avoid wearing shoes that are too tight or that rub your feet. Roomy footwear has a wide toe box with more room for your toes and the ball of your foot. You should be able to wiggle your toes in your shoes. Foot size may vary half a size from the morning to the evening or after a day at work, so purchase shoes at the end of the day when your feet are most swollen.
  • Wear gloves to protect your hands when you are doing heavy chores or yard work.
• Avoid contact with any plants or other substances that are known to cause blistery rashes. For more information, see the topic Poison Ivy, Oak, or Sumac.
• Avoid contact with people who have infections that are known to cause blisters, such as:
  • Viral illnesses, including chickenpox, shingles, genital herpes infection, and cold sores.
  • Bacterial skin infection (impetigo).
  • Scabies mite infection.

Preparing For Your Appointment

To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.

You can help your health professional diagnose and treat your condition by being prepared to answer the following questions:

• When did your blisters start?
  • Did your blisters begin after an injury, such as a burn or cold injury or an insect or spider bite?
  • Were you around someone who had similar blisters before your blisters appeared? If so, what type of contact did you have with that person?
  • Did you come in contact with something in the environment, such as poison ivy, oak, or sumac, before the blisters appeared?
  • Did any chemicals come in contact with your skin? Chemicals include soap, laundry detergent, lotion, cosmetics, or nonprescription medicines.
• Have you had these blisters before? If so, were they diagnosed by your doctor? Did you have any treatment?
• Do your blisters itch or hurt?
• What prescription or nonprescription medicines are you taking? Are you using any ointments or salves?
• Do you feel sick? If so, in what way? Do you have a fever?
• Have you recently traveled outside your country or to a rural area or farm?
• In which sports activities are you involved? How often?
• What home treatment have you tried? Did it help?
• Do you have any health risks?

Related Information

• Allergic Reaction
• Burns
• Chickenpox (Varicella)
• Cold Sores
• Cold Temperature Exposure
• Exposure to Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Finger, Hand, and Wrist Problems, Noninjury
• Folliculitis
• Genital Herpes
• Insect Bites and Stings and Spider Bites
• Mouth Problems, Noninjury
• Poison Ivy, Oak, or Sumac
• Rash, Age 11 and Younger
• Rash, Age 12 and Older
• Shingles
• Sunburn
• Toe, Foot, and Ankle Problems, Noninjury