Problems with the fallopian tubes are a leading cause of infertility in women. Tubal blockage may be caused by:

• Previous infection (most often a sexually transmitted disease; sometimes associated with a ruptured appendix).
• Tubal ligation for sterilization or other types of surgery.
• Endometriosis, a common cause of infertility.
• Scarring of fallopian tubes associated with previous pelvic surgery (for ovarian cysts or uterine surgery for fibroids).