Perinatologists, also known as maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) specialists, are medical doctors who specialize in high-risk pregnancies, maternal and fetal testing, and fetal therapy.

Perinatologists can be consultants or primary care providers during a pregnancy. They may provide medical care throughout a pregnancy, particularly if there is a higher risk of complications, an ongoing (chronic) medical condition, or a multiple pregnancy. In addition to a residency in obstetrics and gynecology, a perinatologist has 2 or 3 years of maternal-fetal medicine training.

Perinatologists can be board-certified through the Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, which is recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties.