Neurological surgeons are medical doctors who specialize in surgery of the brain, spinal column, and nervous system.

A person may see a neurological surgeon for a problem such as a pinched nerve in the back or neck, a brain tumor, or damage to the brain or spine from an injury. A neurological surgeon may specialize in the treatment of one area of the body, such as the spinal column, or treatment of certain age groups, such as pediatric neurological surgeons, who only treat children.

Neurological surgeons can be board-certified by the Board of Neurological Surgery, which is recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties.