What Increases Your Risk

Carpal tunnel syndrome can result from any combination of health conditions and physical activities that increase pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the wrist. Risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome include:

• Health problems or illnesses that can cause arm pain, swelling in the joints and soft tissues in the arm, or reduce the blood flow to the hands. These include obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, lupus, hypothyroidism, and multiple sclerosis.
• Age and being female. Women between the ages of 40 and 60 have the highest risk. Pregnant women near the end of their pregnancies often develop temporary symptoms when they retain fluid. Women taking birth control pills, going through menopause, or taking estrogen are also thought to be at risk.
• Activities that require repeated motions, especially in awkward positions. These movements might be related to work, home activities, hobbies, or sports.
• Smoking, which may contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome by affecting the blood flow to the median nerve.
• Forceful or prolonged activities such as clenching your hands or routinely driving long distances.

The most important step in controlling carpal tunnel syndrome is to stay fit and in good overall health. But if you suspect that certain activities at your workplace are helping to cause tingling, numbness, weakness, and pain in your fingers or hand, make some changes now. For example, prolonged and forceful hand movement or using vibrating machinery may contribute to symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Talk to your human resources department about different ways of doing your job, changes in your equipment, or having an ergonomic consultation if you notice these symptoms. For more information, see the topic Office Ergonomics.