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Noise-induced hearing loss (acoustic trauma)

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By Jan Nissl, RN, BS

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Hearing loss caused by loud noises is called noise-induced hearing loss (acoustic trauma). It is more common for gradual hearing loss to occur from long-term (chronic) exposure to loud noise than from a sudden (acute) loud burst of sound. Hearing loss may be temporary or permanent. Long-term exposure to loud noises can cause permanent hearing loss.

Common causes of acoustic trauma include:

  • Loud music, such as live musical performances and home, auto, or portable stereo systems. Hearing loss is usually temporary but can be permanent.
  • Industrial sounds, such as traffic, sirens, jet engines, power tools, chain saws, jackhammers, or hydraulic machinery.
  • Physical injury to the ear. Severe injury can rupture the eardrum. Physical injury can be caused by:
    • A blow to the side of the head.
    • An explosive burst of sound close to the ear, such as when an air bag is set off during a motor vehicle accident.
    • Rapid changes in environmental pressure, such as from underwater diving or descending in an airplane.

Most people stop hearing high-frequency sounds, such as bells and chimes, first. Later, it becomes harder to hear lower-frequency sounds, such as voices.

Credits

Author Jan Nissl, RN, BS
Editor Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA
Associate Editor Tracy Landauer
Primary Medical Reviewer William M. Green, MD - Emergency Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer Donald R. Mintz, MD - Otolaryngology
Last Updated February 13, 2008
Last Updated: 02/13/2008