Home Treatment

If you have diabetes, work with your doctor to keep your blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible. By managing your blood sugar, you can reduce the chances of developing nephropathy, or you can slow the disease if you already have it.¹ Your doctor will want you to check your blood sugar several times each day. For more information, see:

Diabetes: Checking your blood sugar.

Other steps you can take include the following:

• Check your blood pressure often, and also have it checked at your doctor's office. The American Diabetes Association recommends a target blood pressure of less than 130/80 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).¹ The level recommended by other groups may vary. Talk with your doctor about the target blood pressure that is right for you. Learn to check your blood pressure at home. For more information, see:

  High blood pressure: Checking your blood pressure at home.

• Be sure to take your blood pressure medicines as prescribed.
• Don't take medicines that damage or stress the kidneys, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
• Follow the nutrition guidelines for hypertension (including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, or DASH, diet). For more information, see:

  High blood pressure: Using the DASH diet.

• Stay at a healthy weight for your height and age by eating a well-balanced diet and exercising regularly. A low-fat diet and regular exercise also will lower your risk of heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. See the body mass index (BMI) chart for adults or the same chart in metric to determine your healthy weight.
• Do not smoke or use other tobacco products. People with diabetes who smoke raise their risk of nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and other complications of diabetes.
• Eat a moderate amount of protein. If you have nephropathy, your doctor may recommend limiting protein. Limiting how much protein you eat may help you preserve kidney function. Talk to your doctor or dietitian about how much protein is best for you.
• Limit salt. Your doctor may recommend that you cut back on salt because it may make your high blood pressure worse.

What to Think About

If your diabetic nephropathy becomes worse and kidney failure develops, you may need to follow a specific diet. A dietitian can help you understand the requirements of this diet and help you make healthy choices. For more information, see:

Chronic kidney disease: Changing your diet.