Genetic counseling is guidance given by a health professional (genetic counselor or medical geneticist) who is trained to help people understand their risk of getting a disease related to genetics or of having a child with an inherited (genetic) disease, such as sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, or hemophilia.

Genetic counseling may involve:

• Teaching a parent or couple about how a specific disease is inherited or passed from parents to a child.
• Discussing what problems a genetic disease may cause.
• Discussing whether and how to test for a genetic disease before a woman becomes pregnant or before a child is born.
• Discussing the likelihood, based on test results, that the couple will have a child with a genetic disease.
• Helping a person adapt to the risk of developing a genetic disease such as Huntington's disease. Genetic counselors also can help a person deal with having a disease related to genetics.
• Helping individuals, couples, or families make decisions about genetic testing and any related actions that are right for them.