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Myelomeningocele (also called meningomyelocele) is a rare and severe form of spina bifida in which a portion of the spinal cord or spinal nerves are exposed on the outside of the skin. This type of spina bifida can lead to life-threatening health problems, physical handicaps, and mental retardation. Treatment usually includes surgery, braces or other corrective devices, physical therapy, and sometimes extra assistance in school.