Antiseizure medications for cluster headaches

Antiseizure medications are sometimes used to prevent the frequency or recurrence of cluster headaches, which are cycles of painful, one-sided headaches. Antiseizure medications most often prescribed for cluster headaches include divalproex sodium and valproate (or valproic acid).

It is not clear exactly how antiseizure medications work to reduce headaches that involve blood vessels (vascular headaches), such as cluster headaches or migraines. Antiseizure medications are usually taken daily in small doses and then gradually increased until your symptoms subside or the side effects become intolerable. Initial studies show that about half of those with occasional and chronic cluster headaches get relief from these medications when used to prevent cluster headaches.¹

Common side effects include:

• Weight gain.
• Drowsiness.
• Fatigue or lethargy.
• Headaches.
• Nausea.
• Orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure upon standing).

Another antiseizure medication currently being evaluated for the prevention of cluster headaches is topiramate (Topamax). Preliminary studies indicate it also may be an effective medication to prevent cluster headaches, but more research is needed.²