Toxoplasmosis affects birds and mammals worldwide. The incidence of human toxoplasmosis in any given area is influenced by diet and hygiene practices. For example, in areas where raw or rare meat is commonly eaten, as in France, toxoplasmosis can affect more than half of the population.1 Eating infected meat is thought to cause about half of toxoplasmosis cases in the United States.2
Although nationwide toxoplasmosis statistics are not available, various studies reflect that infection with and immunity to Toxoplasma gondii varies widely across the United States.2 For example, while a Denver study has reported a 3% rate of preexisting immunity among pregnant women, a 30% rate has been observed in Birmingham, Alabama.1
Because American women are not routinely screened for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy, it is impossible to know how many pregnant women actually become infected. In the U.S., 1 to 10 newborns are infected in 10,000 births.3 This number is a fraction of the population of women who become infected during pregnancy. This is because many fetuses do not become infected along with their mothers.1
References
Citations
Foulon W, et al. (2000). Prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 28(5): 337–345.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000). CDC recommendations regarding selected conditions affecting women's health: Preventing congenital toxoplasmosis. MMWR, 49(RR-2): 57–75.
Savoia MC (2004). Toxoplasmosis section of Bacterial, fungal, and parasitic disease. In GN Burrow et al., eds., Medical Complications During Pregnancy, 6th ed., pp. 330–332. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
Credits
| Author | Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS |
| Editor | Susan Van Houten, RN, BSN, MBA |
| Associate Editor | Pat Truman |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine |
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Joy Melnikow, MD, MPH - Family Medicine |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | Gregory A L Davies, MD, FRCSC, FACOG - Maternal-Fetal Medicine |
| Last Updated | June 27, 2007 |
© 1995-2007, Healthwise, Incorporated, P.O. Box 1989, Boise, ID 83701. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. For more information, click here. Privacy Policy. How this information was developed.
