Birth defects from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

Birth defects that may be associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) include:

• Heart defects, such as abnormal openings (atrial or ventricular septal defects), and abnormal blood routes (aberrant great vessels).
• Bone defects, resulting in small nails, shortened fifth fingers, sunken or prominent breastbone (pectus excavatum or carinatum), cleft palate or underdeveloped jaw (maxillary hypoplasia or micrognathia), and scoliosis.
• Urinary tract defects, such as abnormally shaped kidneys and extra ureters.
• Eye problems, such as strabismus and near- or farsightedness.
• Ear defects, such as structural problems that result in hearing loss.